February 22, 2023 In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations blurring of the line between peace and war. Or, as Nye wrote, in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer programs user.. Such ensures that its programs and projects not only do not fail but also encourage enthusiastic, increasing, positively reinforcing support with widespread acceptance of the visions provided, and to be subsequently eventually, and as soon as is possible, realised and presented in media via US based/US centric proprietary advanced intellectual property means, inclusive of exclusive virtual memes. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar [2] Garamone, Jim, Global Integration Seeks to Buy Leaders Decision Time, Increase Speed of Relevance, DOD News, July 2, 2018, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1565240/global-integration-seeks-to-buy-leaders-decision-time-increase-speed-of-relevan/. (At least. FOIA Coreless Stretch Film; Pre-Stretch Film; Hand Roll; Machine Roll; Jumbo Roll; Industrial Plastic Division. Force Readiness Command From a defensive cyberspace perspective, the threat to the Department of Defense (DOD) has never been greater. Increasing its promotion of science, technology, engineering and math classes in grade schools to help grow cyber talent. If ever a cyber rules-of-the-road agreement is signed, theU.S. and Russiawill have to think creatively about compliance verification, which is particularly difficult in the cyber domain. If not, what are some next-best alternatives? Director, Russia Matters Project; Assistant Director, U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Sarah Sewall, Tyler Vandenberg, and Kaj Malden, Copyright 2022 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. The U.S. authors believe that key concerns for the U.S. government in the cyber domain include stopping foreign interference and disinformation intended to undermine American democracy, protecting critical infrastructure, preventing or guarding against reckless malware and safeguarding confidential communications, and that some of the related threats emanate directly from Russia. One of Moscows chief interests, in the U.S. authors view, is weaponizing cyber capabilities to sow discord and embarrass Western powers it views as undermining its sovereignty (principally the United States).. Joint Electronic Library (JEL+), An official website of the United States government, U.S. Cyber Command members work in the Integrated Cyber Center, Joint Operations Center at Fort George G. Meade, Md., April. Marine Corps Additionally, the 2019 Joint Doctrine Note (JDN) 1-19 Competition Continuum augments this concept with the idea of continual campaigning rather than a campaign. The process of identifying this terrain requires both technical understanding and knowledge of the commanders missions. Putting aside that the Russian operation was cyber espionagestealing data rather than denying, disrupting, degrading, or destroying systemssome of these arguments reflected an idea that the United States should defend forward or persistently engage everywhere, all the time. Regarding the timeline for when Spacecom/Cybercom will be successful with fully operational capabilities, it is prudent to accept it cannot be before CyberSpaceCom commands and exercises their leadership control with missions it has given the president to announce in any novel policy decision which has the Unites States demonstrating attractive leadership, mutually beneficial to all, globally. /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/reports, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/blogPosts, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/multimedia, /content/admin/rand-header/jcr:content/par/header/caseStudies, Sleep Deprivation Could Do Long-Term Damage to Migrant Children, How China Understands and Assesses Military Balance, Russian Military Operations in Ukraine in 2022 and the Year Ahead. NDIA is not responsible for screening, policing, editing, or monitoring your or another user's postings and encourages all of its users to use reasonable discretion and caution in evaluating or reviewing any posting. Appendix 2 69, Analysis & Opinions Can the U.S. Military? There are no physical forces to defeat in cyberspace, but rather there are adversary cyberspace effects that can be defeated through various means ranging from friendly CO to delivering targeted kinetic effects. Expanding DoD cyber cooperation with interagency, industry, and international partners . About ALSSA A police statement released by the Beilin Public Security Bureau in Xi'an the next day said that the attack attempted to lure teachers and students into clicking links of phishing emails with Trojan horse programs, with themes involving scientific evaluation, thesis defense and information on foreign travel, so as to obtain their email login The DOD cyberspace is only going to continue expanding at an exponential rate utilizing the latest and greatest technology to meet the ever-growing demands for more information from commanders while conducting warfare. By Maj Eric Pederson (USAF), MAJ Don Palermo (USA), MAJ Stephen Fancey (USA), LCDR (Ret) Tim Blevins Directly helping all networks, including those outside the DOD, when a malicious incident arises. Cyberspace is critical to the way the entire U.S. functions. Hearing some of these calls, we at Russia Matters and the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism were moved to probe them further: Is a cyber rules-of-the-road agreement feasible? Moreover, and except as provided below with respect to NDIA's right and ability to delete or remove a posting (or any part thereof), NDIA does not endorse, oppose, or edit any opinion or information provided by you or another user and does not make any representation with respect to, nor does it endorse the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement, or other material displayed, uploaded, or distributed by you or any other user. Cyberspace is a wild west with a low barrier to entry where both nations and criminals can exploit it for their own ends. Moreover, it is a policy of NDIA to take appropriate actions under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and other applicable intellectual property laws. [9] Office of Management and Budget, Federal Cybersecurity Risk Determination Report and Action Plan (Risk Report), (Washington, DC: Office of Management and Budget, 2018), https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=811093. This is different from a traditional campaign designed around the idea that the world is either at peace or at war. The overarching question imparting urgency to this exploration is: Can U.S.-Russian contention in cyberspace cause the two nuclear superpowers to stumble into war? (Figure 4). Actions in cyberspace, particularly defensive actions within DOD cyberspace, should not be viewed as a traditional force-on-force competition. The Sunburst campaign provides myriad reasons for the U.S. government and industry to reassess their policies and practices on the likes of both cloud and supply chain security[PDF]. Below we outline points on which the authors agree, disagree or cover ground that their counterparts did not. The stage is set to successfully consolidate multiple cybersecurity efforts. USA.gov This raises the distinction between chokepoints and leverage, however, where leverage provides highly scalable effects on cybersecurity (i.e., small inputs yielding outsized change across a system or ecosystem) and imposes significant costs for comparatively small input. Joint Cyberspace Organizations, Structures, Roles, and Responsibilities. 41 Conditions Necessary for Negotiating a Successful Agreement 13 Trey Herr is director of the Atlantic Councils Cyber Statecraft Initiative (@CyberStatecraft). Russian military hackers, for example, have gone after everything from the Orthodox Church to U.S. think tanks, and they launched what the Trump administration called the most costly cyberattack in history. Agency Affected Recommendation Status; Department of Defense : The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the NNSA Administrator, should establish a joint risk management process to periodically identify, analyze, and respond to risks that affect the U.S. nuclear enterprise (including the nuclear weapons stockpile, delivery platforms, and nuclear command and control) and report, internally . These concepts describe the approach required for the cyberspace domain. More than 5.3 million others are still estimated to be . Now the Air Force has its own identity, service culture, technology, tactics, and strategy. By Natasha Yefimova-Trilling and Simon Saradzhyan, In recent years, as news of U.S.-Russian tensions in the cyber domain has dominated headlines, some strategic thinkers have pointed to the need for a bilateral cyber rules of the road agreement. That means a thorough strategy is needed to preserve U.S. cyberspace superiority and stop cyberattacks before they hit our networks. (Currently, ambiguity can be problematic even within a single language, much less across languages; the term cyberattack, for example, is widely used in English-language news media and everyday speech to mean any sort of breach of cyber systems, while the U.S. military, The distinction between cyber defense and cyber offense. The U.S. recently suspended its obligations under the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty and gave notice of its intent to withdraw after long-term violations of the treaty by Russia, a. Tim Blevins, Air Land Sea Space Application (ALSSA) Center, Meeting The Immediate Needs of the Warfighter, By Maj Eric Pederson (USAF), MAJ Don Palermo (USA), MAJ Stephen Fancey (USA), LCDR (Ret) Tim Blevins, Lemay Center for Doctrine Development and Education, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil, Standardizing network sensors (e.g. A cyber operation can constitute an act of war or use of force, she pointed out. VA Madeline Mortelmansspoke today at an event hosted by the Association of European Journalists in Madrid, Spain. Washington and Moscow share several similarities related to cyber deterrence. The U.S. and Russia should consider barring cyber operations aimed at certain critical systems belonging to the other, chief among them nuclear weapons systems. There are also cyber criminals who pose a. Yet, there is a lack of shared understanding about cyberspace across the DOD and the joint force and even less understanding of how the DOD should protect its cyberspace. Facebook. Cyberspace defensive joint force doctrine is still being developed, defensive cyberspace DOD authorities are not well known, and the U.S. and its allies do not have cyberspace supremacy (i.e. Points on which the Russian and U.S. authors agree: Points on which the Russian and U.S. authors disagree: Points on which the respective authors cover ground that their counterparts do not: Introduction 1 This will also establish awareness for all stakeholders of what cyberspace terrain is part of their assigned DAO. NATO's main focus in cyber defence is to protect its own networks, operate in cyberspace (including through the Alliance's operations and missions), help Allies to enhance their national resilience and provide a platform for political consultation and collective action. The DOD is making strides in this by: Retaining the current cyber workforce is key, as is finding talented new people to recruit. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. Arguably, the DODs established processes and bureaucracy are not suited to the fast-paced world of cyberspace. with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach, The U.S. Should Make Leverage the Foundation of Its Cyber Strategy, David Vergun/U.S. The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. WIRED Magazine the same day published an article detailing growing cyber reconnaissance on U.S. grids by sophisticated malware emanating from a Russian research institution, the same malware that abruptly halted operations at a Saudi Arabian oil refinery in 2017 during what WIRED called one of the most reckless cyberattacks in history.. Upholding cyberspace behavioral norms during peacetime. While the U.S. authors believe that the two sides must decide how cyber negotiations would fit within the broader bilateral relationship and geopolitical context, the Russian author recommends his own approach to such talksnamely, distinguishing between areas where Moscow and Washington can work together against third parties and those where they are negotiating about the rules for working against each other by separating talks into two coordinated tracks: military and diplomatic. how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia; how does the dod leverage cyberspace against russia. Information sharing about threats, absent a strong model for interagency collaboration and a specific desired end state, is not enough. feeling rejected by wife during pregnancy . Capabilities are going to be more diverse and adaptable. A cyberattack does not necessarily require a cyber response, she added. Russian Threat Perception Vis--Vis US Cyber Priorities 45 The most effective way to address these problems and our disjointness is by creating a separate cyber service. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. 2101 Wilson Blvd, Suite 700 The CCMDs are supported for CO in their AOR or for their transregional responsibilities, with CDRUSCYBERCOM supporting as necessary. There is a hierarchy based on roles and responsibilities (Figure 5) when it comes to protecting cyberspace as part of the joint force. Within each DOD component constructed network are thousands of subordinate networks, information technology equipment, tools and applications, weapon system technologies and data spanning across bases, posts, camps, and station levels. Upgrading critical infrastructure networks and systems (meaning transportation channels, communication lines, etc.) Sharing information with other federal agencies, our own agencies, and foreign partners and allies who have advanced cyber capabilities. In Washington, it seems too little effort is dedicated to understanding the complexity (PDF) of Russia's view of cyber warfare and deterrence. Drawing upon decades of experience, RAND provides research services, systematic analysis, and innovative thinking to a global clientele that includes government agencies, foundations, and private-sector firms. Pinterest. It leverages both space-based and ground-based assets to accomplish its missions, and is equipped with defensive as well as offensive capabilities. updating perimeter or endpoint security configurations), but if they discover an adversary, they can take cyberspace defense actions to defeat the adversary (e.g. While the United States has displayed a growing willingness to launch operations against Russia, Moscow has somewhat bolstered its military cyber capacity by expanding recruiting initiatives and malware development. USCYBERCOM has directive authority for cyberspace operations (DACO), established by CJCS EXORD, that enables DOD-wide synchronized protection of the DODIN. Jan / endangered animals in north america / Air Force Senior Airman Kevin Novoa and Air Force Tech. The New York Cyber Task Forces 2017 report discusses the idea of leverage, for instance, in a somewhat productized sense vis--vis software and internet security. 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