[13] In his 1998 book Playing Indian, Deloria argues that white settlers have always played with stereotypical imagery of the peoples that were replaced during colonization, using these tropes to form a new national identity that can be seen as distinct from previous European identities. What these claims have in common is that they are entirely disconnected from any living Indigenous people. records were people who ALREADY incarcerated in institutions previous to the Eugenics Survey, as the Childrens Aid Society had been documenting child of impoverished homes, truancy cases, and abusive homes across both states, and Harriet E. Abbott, came from that organization (as did others) and later became agents of the Eugenics Movement. Required fields are marked *. Federally recognized Pretendian list co-creator. She is going to put a lot of people in jeopardy with this action; their livelihoods, their families. Please use you the brain Creator gave you and have more thoughtful contributions to this discourse. in an attempt to undermine people it disagrees with). At the same time, he said the piece has a gotcha ethos that could prove harmful. In particular, the great-grandmother she claimed was Tlingit, Johanna Salaba, is well-documented as having emigrated from Russia in 1911; she was a Czech-speaking Russian. [19], By 1990, as noted in The New York Times Magazine, many years of "significant pushback by Native Americans against so-called Pretendians or Pretend Indians" resulted in the successful passage of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 (IACA) - a truth-in-advertising law which prohibits misrepresentation in marketing of American Indian or Alaska Native arts and crafts products within the United States. The Google doc can be viewed by requesting access with an email address. Staff genealogist. Indeed, some deceivers have argued that her list is in itself racist, or that it has racial undertones, because it includes people who identify as both Black and Native. It has meant, more than anything, a feeling of utter powerlessness within the structures of strong mainstream institutions. ", "Genetic Markers Not a Valid Test of Native Identity", "Elizabeth Warren's claim to Cherokee ancestry is a form of violence - Be it by the barrel of a carbine or a mail-order DNA test, the American spirit demands the disappearance of Indigenous people", "Can DNA Determine Who is American Native American? We suspect that might change soon. By 1990, many years of pushback by Native Americans against pretendians resulted in the successful passage of the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 (IACA) - a truth-in-advertising law which prohibits misrepresentation in marketing of American Indian or Alaska Native arts and crafts products within the United States. Rhiana Yazzie, a Native-American playwright, said she had mixed feelings about the list. The Pee Dee tribes in South Carolina are thoroughly documented and are supposed to become federally-recognized soon, along with the Waccamaw tribe. Tallbear stresses that people who fabricate fraudulent claims are in no way the same as disconnected and reconnecting descendants who have real heritage, such as victims of government programs that scooped Indigenous children from their families. What the heck? Keeler replied on Twitter, referencing the Indigenous Wire piece. We were written off, no more dialogue to be had, and, were apparently just plain stupid, not worthy of a response (no matter that we repeat, again, that Fox News. of writer and activist Jacqueline Keeler in its coverage of the Pretendian/Karendian/Defendian Native identity and ethnic fraud controversy, Keeler shot the messenger in this case, yours truly. At the same time, in the years following the Occupation of Alcatraz, the formation of Native American studies as a distinct form of area studies, and the awarding of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction to Kiowa author N. Scott Momaday, publishing programs and university departments began to be established specifically for or about Native American culture. Theres also a lot of personal data being collected for this list and made public. Its just a list of claims, some debunked, and might be a useful one. As a practice, being a pretendian is considered an extreme form of cultural appropriation,[8] especially if that individual then asserts that they can represent, and speak for, communities they do not belong to. It goes into detail with each entry and us cotinually being updated. [8] However, since the 1990s and 2000s, a number of controversies regarding ethnic fraud have come to light and received coverage in mainstream media, leading to a broader awareness of pretendians in the world at large.[2][4][8]. Fruitlands show postponed over this 'profoundly divisive' issue", "Museum won't verify claims of tribal ancestry after artists withdraw from show", "The Curious Case of Gina Adams: A "Pretendian" investigation", "Dear Unsuspecting Public, Jimmie Durham Is a Trickster Jimmie Durham's Indigenous identity has always been a fabrication and remains one", United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, "Vancouver curator's Indigenous ancestry claims panned as 'pretendian', "Who Bears the Steep Costs of Ethnic Fraud? [41] Academic Dina Gilio-Whitaker wrote that the truth about community leaders is "crucial", even if it means losing a "hero", and that the work Littlefeather did is still valuable, but there is a need to be honest about the harm done by pretendians, especially by those who manage to fool so many people that they become iconic:[35], The stereotype Littlefeather embodied depended on non-Native people not knowing what they were looking at, or knowing what constitutes legitimate American Indian identity. [The piece] tries to make black and white things that actually have nuance.. The Google doc can be viewed by requesting access with an email address. Because what appears to be real, may not be the reality after all, especially when in comes to dealing with the Abenakis of the Northeast. They take up a lot of space and income from First Nation, Inuit and Metis Peoples. The list has a lot of already published material linked in it. The list contains both those being probed and those who have already been disavowed by tribes they claim affiliation with. It is up to people, like Jacqueline Keeler and Tywla Barnes and others, like Darryl Leroux, and myself to try and alert the public, as to the fraud committed by both State and Federal agency and politicians, who give platform-space-and benefit to these race shifters claiming an identity as Indians/Abenakis/Cherokees, etc. ", "I Knew Rachel Dolezal Back When She Was Indigenous", The Native roots of the bizarre Rachel Dolezal drama, "Race of Rachel Dolezal, head of Spokane NAACP, comes under question", "Read the NAACP's Full Statement on Rachel Dolezal", "Dartmouth Removes New Native American Head Amid Ethnicity Questions: Tribes accused Susan Taffe Reed of misrepresenting herself as American Indian", "Dartmouth criticized for Native American Studies hire", "Four Words for Andrea Smith: 'I'm Not an Indian', "Tribes Blast 'Wannabe' Native American Professor", "Rachel Dolezal Outs Andrea Smith Again; Will Anybody Listen This Time? The crux of the article is as follows: Cruz' sisters deny that . Wiktionary.org. Karendian Vowel. I know. ", Slippery Characters: Ethnic Impersonators and American Identities. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Early false claims to Indigenous identity, often called "playing Indian", go back at least as far as the Boston Tea Party. The Academy apologized to Littlefeather in a letter reported in April. Among famous names like Johnny Depp and, Theres not a clear process on how this research is being conducted or how individuals are singled out for suspicion. Sacheen Littlefeather on stage at AMPAS Presents An Evening with Sacheen Littlefeather at Academy Museum of Motion Pictures on Sept. 17, 2022, in Los Angeles, California. Joseph M. Pierce, an associate professor of Latin American and Indigenous Studies at Stony Brook University, said he wouldnt be surprised if Keelers claims were true. "Report on Conclusion of Preliminary Review in the Matter of Professor Ward Churchill". Researchers found her people actually originated from Eastern Europe and Russia. His family came from Mexico. While faking Indigenous American identity for positions of prestige is a problem, sovereign tribes and nations should be leading investigations into citizenship claims. I stopped at 1800 for each line because at that point all the families were in east of Ohio - outside of the . Keeler's list lacks documentation, is libelous, and includes dozens of people who are recognized by their tribes and communities as kin and contributing members of their communities. To protect the rights of Indigenous people, pretendians like Wages and Warren must be challenged and the retelling of their false narratives must be stopped. Keelers list is controversial within native communities as well. Im investigating actual ethnic fraud which harms Native people. The idea here was that I watch from my apartment in Toledo and wait for the night sky to tell me to travel to defen Indian land from the Alberta pipelines. It is so difficult to hold one another accountable these days. [36], On September 13, 2021, the CBC News reported on their ongoing investigation into a "mysterious letter", dated 1845 (but never seen before 2011[37]) that is now believed to be a forgery. they have been determined. Unclear how he got enrolled. Keeler doesnt mention if she reached out to Northern Cheyenne tribal officials. [4][5][6][7] The term is a pejorative colloquialism, and if used without evidence could be considered defamatory. Exercise caution. I dunno about the list, but a tweet by Keeler points to her article on Sacheen Littlefeather: Everyone on this list has made public claims through interviews, in books authored, documentaries, and even in Congressional testimony. Only Navajo!. "[9], Patrick Wolfe argues that the problem is more structural, stating that settler colonial ideology actively needs to erase and then reproduce Indigenous identity in order to create and justify claims to land and territory. There are many angles to the story, and this one, while not the most crucial, piqued our interest due to the New York Post/Fox News connection and Fox News previous manipulation of photos.). Writer Jacqueline Keeler, who rose in infamy herself after publishing a list of people she claimed where "Pretendians" in 2021, claims Littlefeather wasn't Native, and is backed by some of . Theres never a situation where blackface is acceptable, especially not in Native organizing. What compels someone to say this at their own sister's funeral? [] Harm is caused when resources and even jobs go to fakes instead of the people they were intended for. In the hunting and fishing realm, they are mostly white men. I have been personally victimized by pretendian, Linda Bishop, who married my uncle in 2013 and became Linda Black Elk. [38] In response, Bourassa admitted that she does not have status in the communities that she claimed but insisted that she does have some Indigenous ancestors and that she has hired other genealogists to search for them. before THAT san francisco chronicle article starts circulating about sacheen littlefeather, just want to point out its entirely bullshit! Its nearly 50 pages of Keeler's history of harassing others. 3 Native Events Included in ABAs Top 100 Events https://jacquelinekeeler.substack.com/p/hollywood-fantasy-is-sacheen-littlefeather?utm_medium=email, Countdown to 2023 Gathering of Nations Pow Wow, Native Americans Nominated for Webby Awards. Hence, she believes that some on the list are hiding behind the Black Lives Matter movement by strategically labeling her list racist and pointing to times, We attempted to respond to Keeler with a calm, rational tweet, assuring her we werent attacking her; rather, we were investigating the Posts coverage. Sometimes family stories with no truth behind them run amuck. Anyway, no one has entrusted Keeler with anything. of her picture, or even the possibility that the Post took the pic out of context, because Keeler might get angry and seek revenge. [4][5][6][7] The term is a pejorative colloquialism, and if used without evidence could be considered defamatory. The rise of pretendian identities post-1960s can be explained by a number of factors. The Curious Case of Gina Adams: A "Pretendian" investigation She was hired by Emily Carr University in an effort to recruit Indigenous faculty. Be it said the four winds drew me near my last acceptance at a university before i gave up was to LSSU. One way is to spread hate like . And the payoff is well worth it. [32] Working with other Natives in tribal enrollment departments, genealogists and historians, they began following up on the names many had been hearing for years in tribal circles were not actually Native, asking about current community connections as well as researching family histories "as far back as the 1600s" to see if they had any ancestors who were Native or had ever lived in a tribal community. In an apparent response to these incidents, Navajo and Yankton Dakota writer Jacqueline Keeler recently created an "alleged pretendian" list a spreadsheet of people she thinks are pretending to be Indian. Theres not a clear process on how this research is being conducted or how individuals are singled out for suspicion. Despite being enrolled in a, Accusations of anti-Black bias in the creation of the list have also been brought up. Again, believe it or not. Yes, people lying about their ancestry to gain some personal advantage is wrong, It is not that the type of effort that Keeler is undertaking is bad. Thanks for contacting us. Keeler, who has been accused of conducting "witch hunts" to expose fake Native Americans, told The Post she met Wurth a few years ago when the novelist publicly accused Native American writer . Im not sure who is investigating and what the consequences are, she said. Jacqueline Keeler, a Native American writer and activist, created the list to expose the fakers. Agard denied faking her ancestry and called the allegations from Keeler a witch-hunt, and sent her own slew of documents which she said backed up her claim. She may need more disclaimers and better notes, and may otherwise be doing a poor job, but I see no reason why a work in progress like hers ought to be kept a secret from the rest of us. For example, as communication. Communing with the Dead: The 'New Mtis,' Mtis Identity Appropriation, and the Displacement of Living Mtis Culture. Several people on the list have also denied Keelers claims of fraud. Keeler, 53, a member of the Navajo Nation, was born in Cleveland to parents who went there as part of a voluntary relocation program by the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the mid-20th century, I am an enrolled Navajo Nation citizen. Their professor, Frederick Matthew Wiseman Ph.D. of Johnson State College, was their member and ally, who manipulated his scholarly findings in which to base the 4 groups (Nulhegan 2004, Elnu 2006, Koasek 2006 and the St. Francis-Sokoki 1975) petitions for State Recognition, crafted and complied by Wiseman himself. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Pow Wows are one of the best ways to connect with your ancestral heritage and celebrate Native American culture. Shortly thereafter her sisters spoke to Navajo reporter Jacqueline Keeler and said that their family has no ties to the Apache or Yaqui tribes Sacheen had claimed. Individuals who made careers out of pretending an Indigenous identity include James Beckwourth,[14] Chief Buffalo Child Long Lance,[15] and Grey Owl. Cruz also tweeted she learned her true heritage from Keelers research. (DISCLAIMER: this all relates to us not the whyte supremist racists out there) Meanwhile in Indian country From keeler's pretendian list, Kim tallbear alleged support of list, Sephora, sarian fox, to dynami thomas, myself (but on a smaller scale), all being held accountable for various reasons. "They are attacking . [38] Bourassa was placed on immediate leave from her post at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research after her claims of Indigenous ancestry were found to be baseless.[39]. [7][16][17], The academic Joel W. Martin noted that "an astonishing number of southerners assert they have a grandmother or great-grandmother who was some kind of Cherokee, often a princess", and that such myths serve settler purposes in aligning American frontier romance with southern regionalism and pride.[18]. Your place here is more secure than that. Theres no question about that but to accuse people of fraud with little resaerch and research that has been proven false is damaging to the actual activism she has provided. Sacheen's estranged sister (the source) - Jackie Keeler has had this "Pretendian List" circulating for a while with a lot of the people on it being harassed by clout chasing white people who want to be Native Adjacent. Since the 1990s and 2000s, a number of controversies regarding ethnic fraud have come to light and received coverage in mainstream media, leading to a broader awareness of pretendians in the world at large. How can you tell if someone is Native American? Accusations of anti-Black bias in the creation of the list have also been brought up. Heres an article in the Washington Post (11/3/22) about Sasheen Littlefeather, who rejected Brandos Oscar for him in 1973 and passed away a month ago at 95, and Keelers list. (Keeler is referring here, we think, to the fact that we define the already-established terms Karendian and Kendian within our piece with which she takes umbrage, but we assure you, no misogyny on our behalf was intended. We were written off, no more dialogue to be had, and our thoughts on the Posts coverage were apparently just plain stupid, not worthy of a response (no matter that we repeat, again, that Fox News has been caught doing this very thing in the past in an attempt to undermine people it disagrees with). Nadema Agard, a New York City visual artist who claims Lakota, Cherokee, and Powhatan ancestry, is . Distorted Descent: White Claims to Indigenous Identity, Inventing an Indigenous People in Algonquin Territory, Settler Colonialism + Native Ghosts: An Autoethnographic Account of the Imaginarium of Late Capitalist/Colonialist Storytelling, Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo, Becoming Indian: The Struggle Over Cherokee Identity in the Twenty-First Century, Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science, APTN Investigates: Cowboys and Pretendians, "Indigenous 'Race Shifting' Red Flags: A Quick Primer for Reporters and Others", Pretendians and Their Impact on Mtis Identity in the Academy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pretendian&oldid=1138314384, Erika T. Wurth is a novelist claiming Apache/Chickasaw/Cherokee descent whose novel, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 01:08. Your email address will not be published. Keeler has faced backlash for her list, which allegedly included LinkedIn profiles and places of employment alongside the names. The reestablishment and exercise of tribal sovereignty among tribal nations (following the era of Indian termination policy) meant that many individuals raised away from tribal communities sought, and still seek, to reestablish their status as tribal citizens or to recover connections to tribal traditions. Despite wide circulation on social media, Keeler has yet to address the screenshot. [4] The CBC investigation used handwriting analysis, and other methods of archival and historical evaluation to conclude the letter is a fake. There is an element of narcissism. Ashley Fairbanks, an Anishinaabe writer and digital strategist took to Twitter to say I hate that Native people have to spend a single breath talking about Jacqueline Keeler.. They indignantly assert that no one has the right to question her self-identity. Keeler is apparently going to publish the Pretendian list. Believe it or not, some non-Indian folks, not steeped in this stuff, dont know what a Pretendian, a Defendian, a Karendian and/or a Kendian are. It's not a . [32] Academic Dina Gilio-Whitaker, who reviewed Keelers documentation on Sacheen Littlefeather before it was published (see below), wrote that in her opinion Keeler did solid research. Today, the Nulhegan groups leader, Don Stevens has hijacked a 1796 Deed in northern Vermont and New Hampshire, ratified by Louis Metallic in the 1830s, implying that his ancestor Peter Phillips Sr. (1832-1906) and his ancestors were Abenakis connected to that Deed. Keeler insists Agards heritage traces itself back to Barbados and showed genealogical records which she said backed up the assertion. ), Keeler concluded, Especially since the vast majority on the Alleged Pretendians list are White Americans playing Indian for profit? There are many angles to the story, and this one, while not the most crucial, piqued our interest due to the New York Post/Fox News connection and Fox News previous manipulation of photos. This is a contentious document that questions peoples identity by insinuating ethnic fraud is being carried out. Happy Friday, Wiredians (see what we did there?). 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When individuals assert themselves as Native when they are not culturally Indigenous, and if they do not understand their tribal nation's history or participate in their tribal nation's society, who benefits? [22][23][24] Attempts by non-Natives to racialize Indigenous identity by DNA tests have been seen by Indigenous people as insensitive at best, often racist, politically and financially motivated, and dangerous to the survival of Indigenous cultures. [21], While Harjo refers to "Native DNA", there is no DNA test that can reliably confirm Native American ancestry, and no DNA test can indicate tribal origin. But we didnt listen. A pretendian is a person who has falsely claimed Indigenous identity by claiming to be a citizen of a Native American or Indigenous Canadian tribal nation, or to be descended from Native ancestors. Let me explain WHY I have an issue with this articles statement. [32] Academic Kim TallBear writes that all those mentioned on the list are public figures who have profited from their alleged Indigenous status, that Keelers and her teams list documents that the overwhelming number of those who benefit financially from pretendianism are white, and that these false claims are related to white supremacy and Indigenous erasure. Believe it or not, some non-Indian folks, not steeped in this stuff, dont know what a Pretendian, a Defendian, a Karendian and/or a Kendian are. ), (Keeler is referring here, we think, to the fact that we define the already-established terms Karendian and Kendian within our piece with which she takes umbrage, but we assure you, no misogyny on our behalf was intended. What Is Land Acknowledgement? 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