The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. Slower Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. What is its accounts receivable turnover? Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. The wealthy engaged private tutors and academies. The womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the antebellum era. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. Prisons existed not to rehabilitate criminals for their eventual return to society but to house them until the time that they would be punished, most often by fines, public whipping, or execution, also a public spectacle. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. One means of teaching these values was through the series McGuffeys Readers, a series of texts that taught not only spelling and vocabulary, but also punctuality, frugality, and temperance. Antebellum reform efforts aimed at perfecting the spiritual and social worlds of individuals, and as an outgrowth of those concerns, some reformers moved in the direction of ensuring the health of American citizens. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. They were subsequently executed. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. This led to a women's movement that would run side by side with the abolition movement for equal rights among all people that live in the United States. Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. Consolidated Balance Sheets In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. In every state, laws restricted the political and civil liberties of free African Americans. The first, in which . \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ There have been many movements over time that has led America to where we are today. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. Black and white abolitionists often had different agendas by the 1840s, and certainly in the 1850s. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ It provided a leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper, The National Anti-Slavery Standard. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. His many autobiographies, including Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, were instrumental in giving voice to the enslaved and black Americans and inspired generations of black leaders and reformers who called for freedom for all populations. What were the major goals of antebellum reform? Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. 1. In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. The creation of asylums, for criminals and for the mentally ill, was society's reaction to the overcrowded and inhumane state that . These include: 1. (Problem 10), ASSETSCurrentAssetsCash$100,000$200,000CertificateofDeposit225,000AccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)600,000500,000MerchandiseInventory1,800,0001,500,000Prepayments200,000200,000TotalCurrentAssets$2,925,000$2,400,000InvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)$4,000,000$2,200,000RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)1,025,000900,000HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)175,000100,000TotalInvestments$5,200,000$3,200,000Property,Plant,andEquipmentLand$500,000$400,000Building4,000,0004,000,000MachineryandEquipment8,000,0007,300,000PropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLease1,500,0001,500,000Total$14,000,000$13,200,000LessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortization(4,000,000)(3,800,000)TotalProperty,Plant,andEquipment$10,000,000$9,400,000Intangibles(atNetCarryingValue)Patent$750,000$875,000Goodwill1,125,0001,125,000TotalIntangibles$1,875,000$2,000,000TotalAssets$20,000,000$17,000,000LIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayable$550,000$400,000AdvancesfromCustomers640,000660,000SalariesPayable300,000240,000IncomeTaxesPayable430,000300,000RentReceivedinAdvance50,000OtherCurrentLiabilities460,000200,000TotalCurrentLiabilities$2,430,000$1,800,000Long-TermDebtBondsPayable$3,648,000$3,600,000EquipmentMortgageIndebtedness332,0001,300,000CapitalizedLeaseObligation1,020,0001,100,000TotalLong-TermDebt$5,000,000$6,000,000DeferredTaxLiability$1,570,000$1,400,000ShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStock$2,000,000$2,000,000CommonStock2,000,0002,000,000AdditionalPaid-InCapital3,000,0002,400,000RetainedEarnings5,000,0002,800,000Total$12,000,000$9,200,000LessCostofTreasuryShares(1,000,000)(1,400,000)TotalShareholdersEquity$11,000,000$7,800,000TotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$20,000,000$17,000,000\begin{array}{lrr} The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. Retained Earnings for 2013 Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. utopian communities (p. 434) \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. d. 12.0012.0012.00 No Preference Male2302090Female2182448, b. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. \text{Sales}&& \$13,920,000\\ Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. A Pew Research Center survey asked respondents if they would rather live in a place with a slower pace of life or a place with a faster pace of life. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. Turner himself evaded capture for months. Three hundred delegates, both men and women, attended the meeting. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. Evangelical sects emphasized the resurrection of Christ, the primacy of scripture, the spiritual rebirth of believers, and the importance of proselytizing. Consolidated Statement of Income and Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. k. Give the journal entry that explains the change in the treasury shares during 2013, Chicago Corporation In the north, the movement reached its zenith in the Burned-Over District of Charles Finney. In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. The daughters of a prominent slave owner, they spoke of their personal knowledge and experience of the system. In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. Consider the following sample data. Do not delete this text first. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. Garrison refused to become more moderate in his demands, and The Liberator was published continuously for the next 35 years until the end of slavery in the United States. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ \textbf{Current Assets}\\ The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. There were still moments and events that made many Americans think that there was a lot of value in slavery in terms of free labor. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, January 28, 1919 Download image resource Description The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1919, banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. It is also during this time that higher education began to open to women. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. Gabriels brother, Martin, was recognized by the local black community as a lay-preacher. "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. Like the preachers of the revivals, the temperance movement reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. Why? One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. The Second Great Awakening and the movement in religious revival in the United States had a profound impact on the United States. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. Evangelical Christianity was certainly the most powerful religious movement in the antebellum United States, but it was not the only one. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. \quad\text{Total Property, Plant, and Equipment}& \$10,000,000 &\$ 9,400,000\\ The Grimk sisters were one example of the overlap in the reformist impulse between abolitionism and womens rights. In the decades prior to the Civil War, reformers in the U.S. looked to Europe for models of social and political change. For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. Indeed, many slave owners feared the message of spiritual equality, so they kept the evangelists out. \end{array} \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2012}&& 2,800,000\\ "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. What were the different varieties of abolitionism? (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ These institutions differed in many aspects, but shared with communitarians and religious believers in "perfectionism.". 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Reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison Asylum...